Taking Better Photographs – the basics
I’m a blessed man to so often find myself in some gob-smackingly beautiful places and hence it’s only natural that I am interested in photography. I’m no pro-photographer or expert (by any measure), but I have learned a few basic tricks over the years mostly from other enthusiasts.
Hopefully if you follow these tips your pictures may be a bit better a bit more often. Beware – rules are made to be broken – so nothing is to be followed hard and fast!
1. Position
If it’s worth taking – take it three times from three positions. Move yourself off the path, don’t just stand – crouch down and take the shot. How about standing on a boulder and taking a shot from above?
Annapurna Base Camp Trek, Nepal
Because Jim has crouched down to take the shot from a lower angle the composition now includes a fantastic horizon and makes the subject seem so much more interesting!
Morocco High Atlas Adventure
Imagine how boring this would have been had the shot be taken horizontally at head height.
2. Rule of thirds
If you’re a complete novice you may not have heard of this and if you’re a pro you may scoff at this – but it’s a simple rule that can add a wonderful aesthetic to your composition. Imagine a noughts and crosses grid on your camera screen and try and to place your subject to one side on a thirds line – better still is to place your subject where two thirds lines intersect in a corner.
Edale Skyline Guided Walking Weekend
Because Tony and Peter are on the left, means they don’t obscure the rest of the picture allowing the eye to see into the horizon.
Mongolia school expedition 2005
The subject is one third in from the right. This allows space for the line of the van to draw the eye to the subject and beyond into that fabulous sky and horizon.
3. Where’s the light shining from?
If it’s from behind it will make your subject a silhouette, and if it’s from the front the subject can lose all its features and be flattened. Try changing the angle of the shot or the subject so that the light is side-on or at an oblique angle.
Winter skills, Scotland
The sun is up and right (behind the camera) giving the subjects’ faces shade, depth and form.
Guided scrambling on the Llech Ddu Spur
The lack of light creates silhouettes from the subjects giving this picture that exposed and isolated feel … Intensifying the feeling of adventure maybe?
4. Time of day
The best light is to be had is at dawn and dusk when the colours are a warm glow. This is the perfect time of day for the scenic landscape shot.
School expedition 2005, Mongolia
Crib Goch, The Welsh 3000s
5. Depth of field
Do your shots look two dimensional? Use foreground interest or a linear feature to give your picture some depth. Fences, roads, rivers or a group of people walking in a line can lead the eye into the picture and at the same time provide it with that vital three dimensional depth.
Winter skills, Scotland
Given that the light is awful, a depth of field is still achieved with this line of walkers by taking the shot at this oblique angle.
Ice-axe arrest training, High Atlas Adventure
Viewed from this angle the picture has great depth. Imagine if the picture had been taken face on?
6. Horizon shots
What’s beautiful – the sky or the ground? Whichever one it is – it should dominate the picture by two thirds. Also try to get the subject to angle their body so that it leads the eye into the picture. If someone is facing you it can make a barrier to the picture.
Hadrian’s Wall Guided Walking Weekend
I liked the sky and the foreground when I took this – but settled to emphasise the foreground by giving it two thirds of the picture’s space.
High Atlas Adventure, Morocco
Anna faces and points to the horizon – if it had been important to see her face she could have looked back over her shoulder into the lens of the camera.
7. Use the right settings
Landscape/scenery mode on your camera will try to put everything into focus (and use more memory on your card) but this isn’t how the eye sees things. So use your settings with care. For example use portrait mode to focus on the subject only and to give the subject softer skin tones to make a more flattering picture. If you need to take an action shot slip it into sports mode and take about ten fast consecutive shots – one of them will be the one!
Prayer wheels (Nepal 2009) by Jim Robinson
Trekking in Nepal
Taken using the portrait mode this picture superbly replicates how the eye would see them.
Rock Climbing weekend Aug 2010
Peak District Climbing course
Nothing else is in focus but the subject: using portrait mode here focuses the eye on that ‘smearing’ toe, lending us the feeling of tension that the climber must have been experiencing.
8. Hold still!
Use a tripod or a jam jar or a stone wall or whatever is to hand to rest your camera. For those long exposure shots in poor light keep your camera still by resting it on something and then using the timer function to execute the shot.
This shot taken with a tripod to make the most of the early morning light
9. Switch off the flash
Try and avoid using the flash as much as possible. The flash will fill all shadow and so rob from the subject its depth and relief. Try using a night/low light specific setting and keep the camera still (see point above).
Summit Day Breakfast by gas light, Morocco 2010
High Atlas Adventure, Morocco
Use of a flash here would have destroyed the mood of the scene – dark and poorly lit as it was. Instead I rested the camera on a coffee pot, kept it still and took the shot!
10. Finally – don’t zoom, crop!
Basic photograph manipulation is easy with all sorts of free software and can work wonders for your pictures allowing you to better frame or place your subject. If nothing else, experiment by cropping your pictures to enhance the final effect.
More great examples
Colin Prior – the master of mountain photography
Dave Lucas – professional climber (not photographer) with some great shots from his trips
Further reading
How To Take great climbing photos by David Slator
Better Mountain Photography by Sean Kelly
